Importance of Education Essay Example for Free

Importance of Education EssayThe history of humankind is a history of occur generations of our ancestors collected their experience, passed it to the next generation and as such were up to(p) to pass their knowledge to us. Education is the engine that moves mankind ahead, we enjoy the fruits of progress not unless because the previous generations studied well but also because they passed their knowledge to us. In todays world, driven by technology and forces to turn it into a orbiculate village, getting education is the best way to improve oneself. Studying is the best way to receive knowledge. Human knowledge collected over the generation is passed to us by teachers.Our school curriculum is structured to give us a wide breadth of information, some of this information appears to be useless but setback to this view, this knowledge broadens our mind. An educated person critically thinks make decision and conclusions. Higher education, for instance, getting a degree helps one develop a character. In studying, we in addition to getting education are able to improve our characters. University is a social set up where we socialize, improve our communication skills and even learn how to cover in public. School set up teaches us to be responsible, persistent and assiduous.In the modern world, no career is possible without education. Not matter the devotion, rely and passion, without proper education there is no job for you. We need documented proof of our abilities to fit in the current job market. Education gives the back dirt of the previous innovations without which one can hardly bring in a new idea in the world. To conclude, it is in getting education that we are able to improve our characters and state of our mind. We too become confident and more prepared to face the future. Khan sees education as knowledge of putting ones potential to maximum use, which I totally agree with (2007).

Jet Blue Essay Example for Free

outflow sulky EssayThere are a few trends that contribute come into play over the then(prenominal) few years. These different trends range from pricing for the escape cock to in flight perks. It seems that the perks and opposite in flight amenities are what may be what makes the dispute and will impact any of the flight path guilds strategy. Due to major hikes in terminate cost over the past year the airlines have had no other choice but to start passing this expense on to the flyers. The airlines have been trying to come up with agonistic ways to punctuate themselves from the competition.Many of the airlines even charge for you check foundations also. According to Ethan Davidoff in his article The constitute Behind Checking Bags most airlines only charge $25 for a bag to be checked but there is Southwest Airlines that all(prenominal)ows deuce bags to be checked before charging. With that said in the above menti championd article one give the axe see that you d efinitely want to travel light because for more than one bag the prices start to increase all the way up to $600. Although Southwest allows two checked bags there are other airlines that allow one free checked bag and most have a weight limit of 50lbs.If one were to travel internationally it may be cheaper to just purchase brand new clothes when you land. Not to mention the convenience of non checking any bags or having to wait to pick it up when you land, etc. So not only have airlines starting charging to check bags but many an(prenominal) have stopped providing food, unless the flight is over a given amount of time and you are usually paying for that snack. The above mentioned change in airline airfares has certainly affected many airlines strategies.Also as mentioned above it has affected them most specifically in what type of benefits, perks, or amenities that they are willing to offer their flyers. outflow distressing has certainly followed suite and done various things to try to set themselves a character reference Discuss resinous Blues strategic intent. Jet Blue says that their nonsubjective is optimize our fare mix to increase our average fare and, in certain markets, utilize our interlockwork to maximize connecting opportunities while continuing to provide our customers with competitive fares (jetblue. om SEC filings, p. 31). Like any other company they are looking to cut costs without hurting any of the aspects of their company that sets them apart (i. e. customer service, tv, radio). Jet Blue airline seems to have set its strategy to take advantage of the charges that other airlines charge. They have set themselves apart by offering things on their flights that other airlines either dont have or charge for. Jet Blue allows the first bag to fly free, the second costs $35, and the third costs $75.Although they do not have wireless broadband yet, unlike some other airlines, they do plan to have it in place 2012, and this is so because all of Jet Blues aircrafts are being set up for ViaSat satellite wireless which is new and no other airline has. Jet Blue is testing the service for ViaSat and the FAA for testing to be approved for use on airlines. However on the ground in the terminal it does offer free broadband at most airports (http//www. jetblue. com/flying-on-jetblue/onboard/wifi. asp). A strategy held by Jet Blue like that of any business is to improve its bottom line.Jet Blue wants not only to be profitable while reducing costs but they want their customers to be happy and have a good flying experience. Jet Blue has a saying on their site that says our standards beat their extras (http//www. jetblue. com/flying-on-jetblue/). They aim to provide stellar customer service. As a matter of fact gibe to ehow. com Jet Blue was awarded the Conde Nast Traveler Readers Choice Award for best domestic airline and in 2008, it won J. D. Power and Associates Highest Customer Satisfaction Among Low Cost Carriers in North America award (ehow. com).More specifically they also state on their website that they have ranked Highest in Customer Satisfaction Among low-cost Carriers in North America by J. D. Power and Associates for five years in a row (http//www. jetblue. com/about/work/). Jet Blue airlines prides itself on its customer service. As noticed from the previous paragraph they have won awards for their customer service. It is no wonder that the company believes in making their customers flight experience a pleasant one since the company was started by David Neeleman and a number of Southwest Airlines employees in February 1999 (ehow. om). Outstanding customer service is part of their strategy and it is one of their many features that puts them heads above the competition.Discuss Jet Blues financial objectives and whether or not the company has been successful in achieving this objective. forrader even getting into the financial objectives of the company just reading the SEC report for 2010 really sho ws proof that Jet Blue has been an extremely successful company over the past ten years. Since they were incorporated in 1998, flight starting in 2000, they have grown from $38. million in top income in 2001 to net income of $97 million in 2010 (jetblue. com). The aforementioned data shows proof of growth and success in lieu of turbulent financial times with rising fuel costs. Fuel costs dramatically rose over the companys time in business which could have easily put a company under but they continue to strive. Discuss Jet Blues strategic elements of cost, governmental culture, and human resource practices and evaluate whether each element provides the organization with a competitive advantage.Jet Blue continues to be competitive with their ticket and baggage pricing. In their 2010 SEC filing they term themselves a value airline based on service, style, and cost (p. 4). They go on to discuss in the overview how they feel that they continue to provide best coach product and reason ably priced elective upgrades (http//investor. jetblue. com, p. 4). As for Jet Blues organizational culture their web site specifically says If youre looking for a job where your career, your passion, and your sense of fun are all important then youve landed at the right place.At JetBlue weve built an award-winning brand based on delivering value, service, style and comfort to our customers and to our crewmembers. And, by hiring people who share our vision, weve created a place where people enjoy coming to work (http//www. jetblue. com/about/work/). Jet Blue continues remain un-unionized. Discuss Jet Blues strategies for 2008 and beyond and evaluate whether or not Jet Blue will be successful implementing these strategies. Part of their strategy in 2008 has been the equal as previous and later years, to remain on time with their flights.They have continued to do well meeting this goal. Jet Blues on-going strategy has been to deliver exceptional customer service and on time direct flights. In 2008 they stated in their SEC filings that they were the 7th largest passenger immune carrier and in their 2010 SEC filings they were the 6th largest. Regardless of any strategies that they planned to implement they were obviously successful. The proof lies in their continued recognition by JD Power Assoc, their net income increases, and their growth to 6th largest passenger carrier in the US.While other airlines are folding, being bought out, or merging Jet Blue is continuing to grow. It is no wonder since they offer outstanding customer service as only part of their strategy and it is one of their many features that puts them heads above the competition. Some of their other features that ranks them last with their customers is the fact that they offer 36 tv channels, XM/Sirius radio, and unlimited snacks and beverages to all passengers at no cost. Kudos to a company for keeping its employees (all non-union) and customers happy.

History Of Music An Overview

History Of medicament An OverviewThe definition of medical specialty is defined in existencey ways Websters definition is as follows an art of sound in time that expresses ideas and emotions in signifi nookyt forms through the elements of rhythm, melody, or harmony. There ar piecey theories regarding when and where symphony formed. some(prenominal) agree that medicament began rase forwards man existed. Researchers point out that there argon six pointednesss of harmony and each effect has a certain elbow room of music that made what music is today. here(predicate) are some resources for you to better represent the history of music. (Estrella 2001)Music is traced back as far as ancient Israel a thousand years before Christ King David composed and sang hundreds of songs called psalms. A few of them are written in the old testament in the book of Psalms. But music as we grapple it now, as having structure and form, may have begun in the 10th century with the Gregorian c hants. These songs were organized and detailed with soloists and small groups singing distinctive split. The music we are more in common with began around the year 1200 and soon after, troubadours singing folk music starting to appear in parts of Europe. The appearance of composers, made music, and the creation of the promoters much(prenominal)(prenominal) as the piano and lute. (Ezine Articles 2005)The years 1750 to 1820 is kn bear as the stainless period with the piano being a composers instrument of choice. Mozart wrote his first symphony, Bach performed in London, and Beethoven was finally born. Many of the symphonies we enjoy today were written during this time. Music has truly evolved since this period though. In 1900, a man named Scott Joplin had composed and published the Maple Leaf Rag, an vitrine many see as the beginnings of the music we know today as popular music. Soon after, new melodic forms were taking hold. Jazz in the 1930s (Louis Armstrong, Billie Holiday) , big band music in the 1940s (Tommy Dorsey, Duke Ellington), and rock-and-roll (Elvis Presley, Chuck Barry) in the 1950s. Other countries (most notably France and Spain) were creating their own popular music during this time. (Ezine 2005)The three time periods I want to focus on is Medieval, renascence, baroqueness, immaculate, quixotic, and Contemporary. This is all known to us to day as Opera, RB, Rock, Hip Hop, Soul, etcetera Music has been around for years and can be broken down into many stages or cycles. People everywhere all over the world win their own style of music. Every genre, sound, melody is different in some way.When we look at the medieval music, we are dealing with the languishest and most contrasted period of melodious history. Saint Gregory is credited with organizing the huge repertory of chant that develop during the first centuries of the Christian church, hence the end point Gregorian chant. He was pontiff from 590 to 604, and the medieval era cont inued into the 1400s, so this period consists of music. One of the principal difficulties in studying medieval music is that a system for notating music developed only gradually. The first examples of musical notation date from around 900. For several centuries, notation only indicated what pitch to sing. The system for notating rhythm started in the 12th or 13th century. Gregorian chant is monophonic, meaning music that consists of only ace melodic line without accompaniment. The beauty of chant lies in the serene, undulating shapes of its melody. We do not know who wrote the melodies of Gregorian chant. Like folk melodies, the music probably mutated as it was passed down through generations and eventually reached its notated form. Polyphony, music where two or more melodic lines are heard simultaneously, did not exist (or was not notated) until the 11th century. Unlike chant, polyphony required the participation of a composer to combine the melodic lines in a sweet manner. Altho ugh most medieval polyphonic music is anonymousthe names of the composers were either lost or never written down at allthere are composers whose work was so important that their names were preserved along with their music. (Ezine 2005)Renaissance is reflected by the changing role of the composer in society. Unlike most of their medieval times, the great masters of the Renaissance were created in their own lifetimes. The technique of printing music, while slow to evolve, helped in the preservation and distribution of music and musical ideas. Sacred music was still predominant, though other music became more prevalent and more sophisticated. The repertory of instrumental music as well as began to expand significantly. refreshful instruments were invented, including the clavichord and virginal and many existing instruments were improved. the great unwashed and motets were the primary forms of sacred vocal polyphony. Other vocal forms included motets, madrigals and songs (generally accompanied by lute or a small instrumental ensemble or consort). Instrumental pieces were usually short polyphonic works or music for dancing. (Ezine 2005)Compared with the medieval style, Renaissance polyphony was lush and sonorous. The era between Josquin Desprez and Palestrina is known as the golden age of polyphony. Imitationwhere one melodic line shares, or imitates the same musical theme as a previous melodic linebecame an important polyphonic technique. Imitation was one method composers used to make complex music more easily comprehensible and give the listener a sense of structure. parrotlike polyphony can be heard in the masses and motets of composers from Josquin onward and is featured in instrumental music by Byrd, Gibbons, and the Gabriellis.Baroque music is often highly ornate, colorful and richly textured when compared with its predecessors. Opera was born at what is considered to be the very beginning of the Baroque era, around 1600. This unique form combines poet ry, theater, the ocular arts and music. It came about because a group of Italian intellectuals wanted to recapture the spirit of ancient Greek drama in which music played a key role. The first great opera was Orfeo, by Claudio Monteverdi, first performed in 1607. Musics ability to express human emotions and depict natural phenomenon was explored throughout the Baroque period. Vivaldis famed set of concertos, The Four Seasons, is a famous example. Although imitative polyphony remained fundamental to musical composition, homophonic writing became increasingly important. Homophonic music features a put down distinction between the melody line and a subsidiary accompaniment part. This style was important in opera and other solo vocal music because it focused the listeners attention on the expressive melody of the singer. The homophonic style gradually became prevalent in instrumental music as well. (Ezine 2005)Many Baroque works include a continuo part in which a keyboard (harpsichor d or organ) and bass instrument (cello or bassoon) provide the harmonic underpinning of chords that accompanies the melodic line. New polyphonic forms were developed, and as in the Renaissance, composers considered the art of counterpoint (the crafting of polyphony) to be essential to their art. Canons and fugues, two very strict forms of imitative polyphony, were extremely popular. Composers were even expected to be able to improvise complex fugues on a moments notice to prove their skill. The orchestra evolved during the primal Baroque, starting as an accompanist for operatic and vocal music. By the mid-1600s the orchestra had a life of its own. The concerto was a favorite Baroque form that featured a solo instrumentalist (or small ensemble of soloists) playing against the orchestra, creating interesting contrasts of volume and texture. Many Baroque composers were also virtuoso performers. For example, Archangelo Corelli was famous for his violin playing and Johann Sebastian Bach was famous for his keyboard skills. The highly ornamented quality of Baroque melody lent itself perfectly to such displays of musical dexterity. (Grieg 2002)The word unpolluted has strong meaning, mixed with the art andPhilosophy of Ancient Greece and Rome, along with their ideals of disciplined expression. The late Braque was complex and melodically different. The composers of the early Classical period changed direction, writing music that was much simpler to understand. Homophony music, another part of absolute music in which melody and charm are distinct, and has dominated the Classical style is another form of classical music. New forms of composition were developed to accommodate the transformation. Santana Form is the most important of these forms, and one that continued to evolve throughout the Classical period. Although Baroque composers also wrote pieces called sonatas, the Classical sonata was different. The essence of the Classical Sonata is difficult to understand. A highly simplified example of such a conflict might be between two themes of contrasting character. (Grieg 2002)This contrast would be fix during the course of the sonata, and then resolved. Sonata form allowed composers to give pure instrumental music recognizable outstanding shape. Every major form of the Classical era, including the string quartet, symphony and concerto was molded on the dramatic structure of the sonata.One of the most important developments of the Classical period is the growth of the public concert. Although the aristocracy would continue to play a significant role in musical life, it was now possible for composers to survive without being the employee of one person or family. This also meant that concerts were no longer limited to palace drawing rooms. Composers organized concerts featuring their own music, and attracted large audiences. The increasing popularity of the public concert had a strong impact on the growth of the orchestra. Although chamber music and solo works were played in the home or other intimate settings, orchestral concerts seemed to be naturally designed for big public spaces. As a result, symphonic music composers gradually expanded the size of the orchestra to accommodate this expanded musical vision. (Grieg 2002)Just as the word Classical conjures up certain images, wild-eyed music also does the same. Whether we think of those romance novels with the Romanticism implies fantasy and sensuality. The Classical period focused on emotional restraint. Classical music was expressive, but not so passionate that it could overwhelm the work Beethoven, who was in some ways amenable for igniting the flame of romanticism, always struggled (sometimes unsuccessfully) to maintain that balance. (Greig 2002)Many composers of the Romantic period followed Beethovens model and found their own balance between emotional intensity and Classical form. Others reveled in the new atmosphere of artistic freedom and created music whose str ucture was designed to support its emotional surges. Musical story-telling became important, and not just in opera, but in pure instrumental music as well. The tone-poem is a particularly Romantic invention, as it was an orchestral work whose structure was entirely dependent on the snapshot being depicted or the story being told. Color was another important feature of Romantic music. A large palette of musical modify was necessary to depict the exotic scenes that became so popular. In addition to seeking out the sights and sounds of other places, composers began exploring the music of their native countries. Nationalism became a driving wedge in the late Romantic period and composers wanted their music to express their cultural identity. This desire was particularly intense in Russia and Eastern Europe, where elements of folk music were incorporated into symphonies, tone-poems and other Classical forms. (Wagner 1999)The Romantic period was the days of the virtuoso. Gifted perform ers and particularly pianists, violinists, and singers became enormously popular. Liszt, the great Hungarian pianist/composer, reportedly played with such passion and intensity that woman in the audience would faint. Since, like Liszt, most composers were also virtuoso performers, it was inevitable that the music they wrote would be extremely challenging to play. The Romantic period witnessed a glorification of the artist whether musician, poet or painter that has had a powerful impact on our own culture. (Wagner 1999) This style of music became known as being romantic.The evolution of music is at least partly shaped by the influence one composer has on another. These influences are not always positive, however. sometimes composers react against the music of their recent past (even though they might admire it) and move in what seems to be the opposite direction. For example, the simplified style of the early Classical period was almost certainly a reaction to the extreme intricacies of the late Baroque. The late Romantic period featured its own extremes sprawling symphonies and tone-poems overflowing with music that seemed to stretch harmony and melody to their limits. It is certainly possible to view some early twentieth century music as an extension of the late Romantic style, but a great deal of it can also be interpreted as a reaction against that style. 20th century music is a series of isms and neo-isms. The primal energy of Stravinskys Rite of Spring has been called neo-Primitivism. The intensely emotional tone of Schnbergs early music has been labeled Expressionism. The return to clearly structured forms and textures has been dubbed neo-Classicism. (R. Strauss)These foothold have been employed in an attempt to organize the diversity of styles running through the 20th century. Nationalism continued to be a strong musical influence in the first half of the century. The study of folk songs enriched the music of numerous composers, such as Ralph Vaughan W illiams (England), Bela Bartok (Hungary), Heitor Villa Lobos (Brazil) and Aaron Copland (USA). Jazz and popular musical styles have also been tremendously influential on classical composers from twain the United States and Europe. Technology has played a increasingly important role in the development of 20th century music. Composers have used recording tape as a compositional tool (such as Steve Reichs Violin Phase). Electronically generated sounds have been used both on their own and in combination with traditional instruments. More recently, computer technology has been used in a variety of ways, including manipulating the performance of instruments in authorized time. (R. Strauss)So as you can see, music has been around for centuries. Many people have helped music evolve over the years. The six long periods of music that were discussed supra really helped music become what is today. Although each individual listen to various types of music they all started the same, with either a rhythm or beat. Music was originated long before humans even existed and grew from there. Music in general has made the world a better place. It gives people a way to express themselves. Music has been called The International Language a very simple thought with much meaning behind it. Even if you cant speak the language of a country, you can move, sway, dance and most of all enjoy the music of the country. We may not understand the speech communication of a musical selection but we do understand the beauty. (Ruth 2008)Musics interconnection with society can be seen throughout history. Every known culture on the earth has music. Music seems to be one of the basic actions of humans. However, early music was not handed down from generation to generation or recorded. Hence, there is no official record of prehistoric music. Even so, there is raise of prehistoric music from the findings of flutes carved from bones.The influence of music on society can be clearly seen from modern his tory. Music helped Thomas Jefferson write the closure of Independence. When he could not figure out the right wording for a certain part, he would play his violin to help him. The music helped him get the words from his brain onto the paper. In general, responses to music are able to be observed. It has been proven that music influences humans both in good and bad ways. These effects are instant and long lasting. Music is thought to link all of the emotional, spiritual, and physical elements of the universe. Music can also be used to change a persons mood, and has been found to cause like physical responses in many people simultaneously. Music also has the ability to strengthen or weaken emotions from a particular event such as a funeral.People perceive and respond to music in different ways. The level of musicianship of the performer and the listener as well as the manner in which a piece is performed affects the experience of music. An experienced and accomplished musician might hear and feel a piece of music in a totally different way than a non-musician or beginner. This is why two accounts of the same piece of music can contradict themselves. (ODonnell 2001)According to The nubble for New Discoveries in Learning, requireing potential can be increased a minimum of five times by using this 60 beat per minute music. For example, the ancient Greeks sang their dramas because they understood how music could help them remember more easily). A renowned Bulgarian psychologist, Dr. George Lozanov, designed a way to learn foreign languages in a fraction of the normal learning time. Using his system, students could learn up to one half of the vocabulary and phrases for the whole school term (which amounts to almost 1,000 words or phrases) in one day. Along with this, the average retention rate of his students was 92%. Dr. Lozanovs system involved using certain classical music pieces from the baroque period which have around a 60 beats per minute pattern. He has proven that foreign languages can be knowledgeable with 85-100% efficiency in only thirty days by using these baroque pieces. His students had a recall accuracy rate of almost 100% even after not reviewing the material for four years. The article above discusses how the history of music not only helped human beings but impacted their lives greatly to where we learn better and think better. (ODonnell 2001)

The Restaurant Industry Today Marketing Essay

The Restaurant Industry Today Marketing EssayRestaurants are one of the most passing regulated disdaines today. The nature of the view is starting a new-made Asian eating tail in North West capital of the United Kingdom. We dissolved to open the new eating place in Wembley central. According to the National Restaurant Association, the eating house industry gross revenue are judge to reach a record $537 trillion in 2007 and they endure estimated that there are approximately 935,000 restaurant-and-food service centres. Firstly we need to do first commerce plan in order to open a new restaurant.Project intentionsOpening up a new Restaurant in Wembley central demesne leave meet the following set of objectivesAchievement of partys objective which includes maximisation of shareholders wealth.Fulfil its growth organically.Accomplishing clients requirement much(prenominal) as easy access to our butt ins and good customer services.Industry depth psychologyAlthough the restau rant industry is really competitive and as the number of stack reach slight time, re line of descents, and ability to cook for them it is important that the restaurant is nearly positioned for the current interest and people foreshorten healthier foods at moderate to low prices.The Restaurant Industry TodayThe food service business is one of the third largest industries in the country. It accounts for more than $240 billion sales annually. The independent restaurant accounts for 15% of that total. According to a survey the average Ameri commode turn everywheres 15% of his/her income on meals eating away from home. This number has been change magnitude for the past seven classs. In the last five years the restaurant industry has out-performed the national GNP by more than 40%.Due to the change in people lifestyles, stinting climate, and due to the ontogeny in the variety of products there are more than 600 restaurants opening e precise month and over 200 more needed to ke ep pace with increasing demand.Future Trends Strategic OpportunitiesThe predicated expansion movement is very positive both in short and great-term encounterions. Folkney states over again that as modern living creates more demands, people result be forced to eat more meals away from home. According to the DMR Industrial Report (April 1995) estimates this as high as 30% over the next five years.According to the National Restaurant organization (1998) released that how the Foodservice industry might look in the year 2000. Some highlights from the panels findings are as followsConsumers provide spend a superior quantity of their food dollar away from home.Independent operator and entrepreneurs allow be the important source of new eating place concept.Food concern will be critical at all types of foodservice operations, and food flavour will be of greater signifi terminatece.Ecological concerns will receive increased interest.Feasibility StudyFinancial FeasibilityA Financial Fe asibility study is an attachment of the financial aspects of something. This befuddle has been assessed in terms of its financial feasibility and it feasibility in terms of equal and benefit summary. The benefit that can be derived from this project and will outweighs it initial court. Taking into account performance of restaurant with similar size in Wembley area, I have utilize those performances as to project the expected cash flows where on average they both produce 10,000 per week. useable FeasibilityI recommend that this restaurant will be able to achieved these targeted pay dorsum terminus of five months to make back the initial investment. This abbreviation has been shown belowRevenue per month 78,350/5 = 15,670Revenue per staff per operating hours 78,350/ (10*8) = 980 as part of company training policy, all staff will be well trained to deliver excellent customer service standard.Revenue per week 15,670/5 =3,134 complaisant and Environment FeasibilityI have undertak en a market a market research and environment scanning to ascertain whether there will be interest on our restaurant, what is the demographic settlement like in terms of food. My study indicated that most people will like our food because we will declare oneself different kind of variety.TimescaleIn order to open a restaurant, we need to prepare business plan first. It will take around 1 month. just about finding location and finding restaurant name will take 1 month. Finance the business will take 2 month because sometimes it takes time. Installation of electricity and equipment will take also 1 to 2 month. And last we need to obtain business licence.Task-1.2SWOT AnalysisSWOT Analysis is a tactical preparation process used to evaluate the Strengths, flunkes, Opportunities, and Threats involved in a project or in a business venture. It involves specifying the subprogram of the business course or project and identifies the internal and external factors that are favourable and unf avourable for achieving the business objective.StrengthsBrand equityThe Restaurant location ( Wembley area )Reliability of foodConsumers choice at reasonable value and great serviceCheaper price than othersWe have take-away optionDifferent menu itemsWeaknessQuality and taste of productsOur restaurant is new and non establishedOur restaurant has poor disabled facilitiesLimited monetary resourceOpportunitiesA new office labyrinthine is being built near byA new housing ontogenesis is plannedThreatsThe high street brand is moving into the areaA main competitor has lowered their pricesOur working(a) be are set to boostPEST AnalysisA PEST analytic thinking stands for Political, Economic, accessible, and Technological psychoanalysis and describes a framework of macro-environmental factors used in the environmental scanning component of strategic management.Political FactorsThis relates to direct impact of political influences and it impacts our project. In the case of this project local council will support to our business because it will create rent outs as well as optimize councils levy revenue. Especially creating job is a study priority for the national government so they will be in support of the project. And also there will be less political jeopardize that will affect this project such as government rejection of the propose moved, increased in tax at present time in very unlikely.Economic FactorsThe general economic environment shows that spending level among some people someone will fall due to difficulty in gaining credit but most young people with relative disposable income can at least spend and these are the people we are targeting.Social FactorsSocial factors mainly include the educational aspects and include health consciousness, population growth rate, age distribution, career attitudes and emphasis on safety. In this area I have undertaken a market research and environment scanning to ascertain whether there will be interest on our rest aurant food. My study indicated that most people are Asian in Wembley area and will be kindle in our Asian..Technological FactorsA technological factor includes the ecological and environmental aspects, such as RD activity, automation, engineering science incentives and the rate of technological change. Here the impact of technological changes which we already possessed will help the company to gain competitive advantages such as e-commerce.Stakeholder AnalysisA Stakeholder Analysis is a essential tool for identifying those people, groups and organisations that have significant and genuine interests in a specific urban issue. force out understanding of the likely roles and contributions of the umpteen different stakeholders is a original condition for a successful participatory urban Governance process, and stakeholder analysis is a canonic tool for achieving this understanding.The Stakeholders areCustomersSuppliersEmployeesShareholdersCustomers to each one of the stakeholders will have different expectation of an organisation. They try to engage with customers. They provide sales information, monthly monitoring of views. Their customer indecision time meeting help to identify and respond to changing customers needs.SuppliersThe relationship of interests surrounded by an organisation and its suppliers can be fancyn as very similar to that between the organisation and its customers, but reversed. They do regular visits, meeting and discussions with suppliers. They have direct relationships with important raw material suppliers. Suppliers stock the business with all its business supplies. Suppliers whitethorn want an increase in wages. Suppliers have an interest in ongoing and mutually beneficial business relationships, and they expect to be paid on time.EmployeesThe come with try to engage with employees. They have many ways such as internal communications including an employee magazine and regular business updates. Employees many want an increase in p ay rise. Staffs have a very big interest in the business in the form of wages, bonuses, discounts and holidays pensions. Employees interests may be seen as the assurance of certain rights deriving from what is seen to be acceptable in the way in which employees are treated in spite of appearance society.ShareholdersThe Company have shareholders. They do collection of feedback questions from individual shareholders. Shareholders are the owners of a company. Their only real affair in the organisation will be at the Annual General Meeting, when they are called upon to approve, by a vote, the overall direction of the organisation and the senior management team responsible for achieving that direction.Oftentimes, the only difference between floating and drowning is the direction. Without the restaurant financial analysis, a restaurant may be face downwards without even knowing it.A restaurant financial analysis analyzes routine metrics such as dinero and losses, cash flow, cost of s ales and cost of labour. By assessing this data, operators can evaluate their finances and establish systems and structures to keep their restaurant a float.Restaurant financial analysis performance metricsProfits and lossesWhether we are produced monthly or weekly, profit and loss statements give restaurant operators a broad overview of their sales history. alone the information only becomes effective when broken down to reflect the cost of sales, cost of labour and other overhead costs. Restaurant financial analyses assess the dough and lossesWith a vital eye to settle on specific areas taht should be improved upon.. exist of salesA restaurants cost of sales, sometimes referred to as cost of goods, is the sum of all expenses associated with producing the menu items.Should food costs be running at 20 percent or 40 percent? The adjudicate can vary depending onA restaurants positioning (fast casual, casual or upscale) and menu mix.Restaurant financial analysis can help operator de cide where their cost of sales should be by building academic food and beverage costs.Cost of labourCost of labour is another donor to cost of sales. A fine line exists between overstaffing aRestaurant and scheduling enough employees to run a restaurant putively. Sensible setting up and employee railroad siding are the top hat ways to control cost of labour. In addition, tools should be available to assess mid-shift needs. Many restaurateurs are unwilling to phase out employees in a timely fashion. Restaurant financial analysis can re-examine payroll depicts, sales reports and customer counts to optimize Scheduling and productivity and decrease cost of labour.When to undergo restaurant financial analysisOpening a new restaurantWhen opening a restaurant, restaurateurs can make use of financial analysis to forecast their success. A restaurant financial consultant can sketch a five-year plan and financial forecast based on industry and variation standards.Financial analysis can al so be used to establish financial systems for a new restaurant. Wheels for cash handling, inventory, payroll and daily sales reconciliations should trump established well in advance of a restaurant opening. By implementing these systems early in the game, a restaurant can effectively monitor them, enceinte it a greater chance of succeeding financially.Purchasing an existing restaurantBefore the purchase of an existing eating place concept, restaurateurs should conduct financial analysis and feasibility studies to determine the productivity probable of the operation. This can be sketchy by evaluating pattern and trend in the restaurants past presentation and estimate the effect of probable changes.Running an operating restaurantRestaurant financial analysis is not just for new operations. Generally, it is most beneficial for restaurants already in operation. Whether a restaurant has been in business for a year or 20, financial analysis can help identify losses and hidden costs. Tha t information will help establish proper financial systems or process existing ones to keep silver from slipping through the crack.Who can perform a restaurant financial analysis?Restaurant financial analysis shouldnt be performed by just any financial consultant. It is best to work with consultants that specialize within the restaurant industry.The main goal of restaurant financial analysis is to help operator understand how their restaurant can become more profitable. A restaurant-specific consultant can explain the analysis course and their findings in terms that restaurant operators will know.A financial consultant will know the aim routine metrics for specific restaurant categories and the industry as a whole. They can provide guidance for the selection and performance of point-of-sale and accounting systems and show operators how to get best results from these systems.A financial consultant can help eating place operators build the necessary tools to pull and analyze their ow n financial reports. Eventually, financial analysis should be ongoing, becoming an everyday part of a restaurants thinking.Restaurant financial analysis doesnt just keep a restaurant floating, it helps their business fly.Task-1.3Market competitively and ActivityThis project will fit the business strategic of the restaurant because it will help gain competitive advantage, create new market for effectiveness customers, gain market share in as well as responding to changes in business environment, increase profitability, establish local branch, obtaining new customers, expansion of business and improve companys image which could be achieved since there is an existing market gap which we can fill via Ansoffs matrix.Marketing Analysis shows that this project will make the business more competitive in the following waysDemographic population In west London area, the population is very high. on that point are many Asian restaurants available in the area. And the all restaurants provide g ood services and good food.Food variety The social society will be interested in our food because we will provide variety in the food along with music.Market gap the economic feasibility have highlighted that our competitors are doing well in these area.Industry TrendsStudying industry trends is one of the first steps in conducting a market analysis. It will help you recognize opportunity and threats in the industry that may affect your productivity. Consider the following Food Service Industry 2000 Trends, reported by the National Restaurant AssociationConsumers will spend a greater portion of their food dollars away from homeCompetition in the food service industry will be more strong as growth continuesMajor food service chains will increase their shares of both sales and unitsIndependent operators will be the main source of new restaurant conceptsNutritional concerns will be critical at all types of food service operations andService will become a more important point of differ entiation.Industry Tends ChecklistsGrowth in Industry SalesQuick-service vs. table-serviceChain vs. IndependentTypes of restaurants (steakhouses, ethnic)CateringDeli, bakery and takeout operations periodic/seasonal dining out patternsIndustry sales outlookMarket DemandEconomic trendsConsumer confidenceDemographic trendsFood away from home trendsFactors that actuate one to dine out Eating habits of different market segmentsMenu PreferencesAppetizers/soupsEntreesSandwichesDessertsNutritional concernsMenu pricingAlcoholic beverage consumptionVegetarian trendsRestaurant triumph FactorsNew and popular concepts/themesCustomer service innovationsPricing practicesFood production methods wear saving techniquesDebt-to-Sales ratios and other statisticsLegislative and Regulatory IssuesBusiness meal tax deductibilityHealth insuranceWage and hour requirementsAmericans with Disabilities ActCompetition-This is restaurant in the area is very good because in this area almost Indian and mix people l iving. So restaurant is also provide verity of foods and dices serve.But in our restaurant totally different from other like down in the mouth ginger, Panther, Tikka world, Bombay bits etc .these all are our competitors but we provide best services, best food, best drinks so automatically our restaurant beet our restaurant .Competitive StrategyThere are three major ways in which we will create an advantage over our competitorsproduct identity, quality, and noveltyhigh employee motivation and good sales attitudeInnovative and aggressive service optionsThe restaurant will be the only restaurant among all the competition which focuses the entire menu on healthy, low-fat cooking. Each of the competitors offers at least one healthy selection on their menu. The target market will perceive the restaurant as the destination location for healthy, low-fat cooking.The main points are Pricing, Location, Reputation, Image/Brand, Choice/Variety, Service and Atmosphere.Referenceswww.essortment.co m (12th June 2010 )www.awib.org (12th June 2010 )www.mplans.com (12th June 2010 )www.virtualrestaurant.com (12th June 2010 )http//www.bplans.co.uk/steak_buffet_restaurant_business_plan/financial_plan_fc.cfm (12th June 2010Part 2Task 2.1ResourcesMaterials Rented property from an individual landlord in west London as a absolute location for the new restaurant to be open, this is critical factor in terms of visibility and easy access of the restaurant for our customers.Equipments Different kinds of restaurant will require different kinds of equipment. Typically equipment needed to open a restaurant includes a service kitchen (oven, microwave, heat lamps, prep tables and dish washer, fryers, boilers, refrigerators (table, chairs, spoon, glasses and cash registers).Labour Ten staff normal standard hours (8 hours per day) and contractors the fixed day of work for one month.Finance Most banks and lenders require you to put some of your own money into the business and contrary to popular b elief, they do lend money for businesses. The project financed can be source from long term borrowing from bank in Iceland of 50,000 to finance the project deliverables.Cost Associated With ResourcesThese are one-off capital cost required immediately to deliver project deliverables.Materials property rent in west London area will requires a normal rental agreement with the landlord. A deposit of 15,550 plus one months rent in advance including council tax will be require total 32,350.Equipments Kitchen equipment will cost 10,000, boiler will cost 2000, till and it maintenance will cost 12000 and general things e.g. tables, chairs will come on 8000.Labour External contractors for refurbishment are expected at 12,500 this will includes electrician, refurbishing the restaurant and painting the restaurant.Sources of FinanceThe project financed can be source from long term borrowing from bank of 78,350 to finance the project deliverables. They could be approach on the based that this pr oject will recoup its initial investment within four months time and that revenue generate can be used to pay of principal loan plus interest.Budget for the ProjectThis project has been budgeted on the grounds of Zero based budgeting which involves identification of tasks to be performed and then funding resources to complete the task independent of current resourcing it ensure that resources are efficiently allocated. The project budgets have been made on this bases with each cost justify in terms of their usage in the projectResources CostRent16,800Total16,800Resources CostDeposite15,550Equipments32,000Labour12,500Miscellaneous expenses1,500Total61,550Cost Benefit AnalysisCost Benefit Analysis is classically used by governments to assess the attraction of a given interference it is an analysis of the cost success of different alternative in order to see whether the benefits outweigh the costs. The aim is to gauge the competence of the involvement relative to the status quo. The co sts and benefits of the impacts of interference are evaluated in terms of the publics willingness to pay for them (benefits) or willingness to pay to avoid them (costs). Inputs are typically measured in terms of opportunity costs the value in their best alternative use. The guide attitude is to list all of the parties affected by an intervention, and place a monetary value of the outcome it has on their benefit as it would be valued by them.Years0123 point value78,3503,90,1801,090,8601,072,163Probability50%50%50%Certainty equivalent1,95,0905,45,4305,36,082D.F 9%1.0000.8800.9450.820Present value(75,000)1,71,6795,15,4314,39,587NPV10,51,697The project is viable because it will yields to shareholder wealth conception of about 2.01 million in three years time. However incorporate rick to the cash flows using certainty equal, and for the fact that current economic climate in terms of expenses will affect all industries, I am certain that the 50% of the cash flows will be generate in each of the years. This is show belowOne time investmentBudget Overview Sources of FundsProposed Loan from Bank100,000Uses of FundsConstruction65,000Walk-in Refrigerator10,000 army tank for Beverages5,000Stove oven5,000Deep Fryer4,000Two sinks for Kitchen1,000Microwave500Toaster100Cash Register400Furniture7,000Dinnerware1,000Pots and Pans1,000Plan by month or PeriodMost of the restaurants use a scheme of 12-month or 13 four-week periods to way their yearly accounts. By infringement the budget down into these types of sections, it is easier to see when money is moving in and out of the eating place.Anticipate Your CostsIn the eating place, budget is often a game of evaluation costs and income. In fact, a budget is much like a profit and loss (PL) account extended over a longer period of time. Be set to account for the following costs in your yearly budgetRent or mortgage earningssTaxesInsuranceLabour/payrollUtilitiesLoan paymentsOperational suppliesRepairs and maintenanceMarketingTrain ingFood service professional recommend that you plan to spend about 30 percent of your budget on food, 25 percent on labour, 10 percent on rent or advance, and 3 percent on utilities.1 The rest goes in small part to operational charge, promotion, taxes, continuation and other patchy costs. These are purely sketchy plan to follow, as every restaurants payment and budget are different. Look below for a graphical image of these suggested expendituresKnow Your Breakeven PointThe cope point is the volume of sale needed to cover all charge without making a profit. It is the send least amount amount of sales the restaurant process needs to bring in to survive. It is central to know your restaurant breakeven point so that rising monetary decisions can be made in hopes of making a reasonable profit.Analyze Your Financials Every PeriodExploratory your PL and your budget on a weekly and monthly basis will help you keep your bases covered in terms of realize your payment and income. Appraise your budget operational payment and your actual expenses, as well as the net profit you expected and what your eating place actually made. Make a note of any areas in which your expenses exceed your budget amount.When budgeting for the year, especially if you are doing so for the first time, it helps to have a budget worksheet. Download a sample budget worksheet to your own back office computer.Cost of Goods Sold The cost of goods sold was strong-minded by pickings actual Profit and Loss statement from various eating place concepts and then using our price structure and guest counts to arrive at costs.Management Payroll Figures are based upon the use of five managers per unit at our maximum bonus and salary levels. If we use four managers per restaurant, this will lower our payroll.Fixed and Variable Expenses The various fixed and variable expenses were determined by taking actual numbers from several different restaurant concepts.Marketing Fees These funds will be used for the production of various marketing materials.Advertising These funds will be used, if necessary, to maintain our sales at projected levels. If we are management appreciably ahead of our sales projection, then these funds may not be necessary.Management Fees We will use these pounds for accounting and payroll services of our firm. As we grow in size, this cost burden will shrink per store due to efficiencies in volume.Important AssumptionsThe financial plan depends on important assumption, most of which are revealed in the following table as annual assumption. The journal assumptions are included in the annotation. Interest rates, tax rates, and personnel burden are based on traditional assumptions. Some of the more important causal assumption isWe assume a strong economy, without a major recession.We assume, of course, that there are no unforeseen changes in consumers tastes or interests to make our concept less competitive.Task 2.2ReportTO ManagementFROM Project ManagerDATE 20th May 2009SUBJECT Staff Development and Training CostIntroductionThis report is concerned staff training and development it related cost associated to this project. The company sales force plays a vital role in delivering better customer services and each member have different training needs depending our their position. The companys their future depends on nurturing great individual talent and providing an environment where staff can flourish personally and professionally. Successful training will help to develop the following skills.Deliver excellent customersWell motivatedIncrease morale improve job and staff performance.Recruitment takes place from the point when a business decides that it needs to employ somebody up to the point where a pile of complete application forms has arrived in the post. Selections then involve choosing a suitable applicant through a range of ways of organization out suitable candidates guide to interview and other tests. Training involves providing a range of planned performance that enable an employee to develop the skill, attitudes and knowledge required by the organisation and the work required.A job account is also helpful because it sets outThe job description can be sent out to probable candidate along with a person arrangement, which sets out the pleasing and vital description that someone will need to have to be selected to the post.A variety of media will be used to be a magnet for applications e.g. national newspapers for national jobs, and local papers and media for local posts.Objectives of Training and DevelopmentThe main objective of staff training and development is to improve the qualities of the trainee, formulation of objectives for different needs and ways to achieve it. The training objective is very important because it determine the calculated and content of the training programme. circumscribe of the training stay put the same no matter the type of training occupied. It is to increase personnel efficiency, pro fessional growth and smooth and more useful organizations operations.Methods of Training and DevelopmentOn the job training/coaching This relates to formal training on the job. A worker becomes experienced on the job over time due to modification of job behaviours at the point of training or acquisition of skills.Induction/orientation This is carried out for new entrants on the job to make them familiar with the total corporate requirements like norms, ethics, values, rules and regulations.Apprenticeship A method of training where an unskilled person understudies a skilled person.Demonstration Teaching by example, whereby the skilled worker performs the job and the unskilled closely observes so as to understand the job.Vestibule This is done through engineering part for the purpose of skills and technology transfer. It is therefore achieve through residency of an individual within anothe

Tourism Tech and Innovation Preliminary Report

Tourism tech and Innovation Preliminary ReportTourism Tech and Innovation Preliminary ReportThis tourism tech and innovation preliminary report is active precede Shots sportsman leafy vegetable in Sunshine swoop in Australia. This is considered to be a full fledge package for family entertainment and serves as an attraction to a large population. The am theatrical rolement Park has many opposite activities and individuals sess choose from a variety of different games and activities that are available on that point.The Park has indoor rock climbing, 18 hole minigolf courses, turn and spin, cannon egg blaster and dissimilar other activities for lovers of water sports. There are many arcade games which are operated through coins. In addition to this, there is also a fast food caf on site to cater to the needs of individuals who feel hungry during their visit. Moreover, there are a variety of different packages that can be chosen from if someone wants to book a party place for young kids.Innovation refers to applying new and novel solutions in order to be able to playact ch wholeenges in a better manner so as to cater to the existing market needs. The scientific field related to innovation has introduced the concept of expert innovation in order to provide an explanation of the rate and nature of innovation due to technological change (Ryan, 2013).Therefore, a dynamic network which consists of various agents who interact together for making greater utilization of technology along with its diffusion and generation is known as the technological innovation system.The new undulate of technological innovation focuses on using tender networking operate in order to better help tradees in slip bying their target market and increase their customer base. The use of social networking services is growing in use and it can prove to be helpful for fall out Shots gambol Park.Top Shots Fun Park has many attractive activities and has a good website to provide in formation about the business. The website is quite detailed and gives information regarding the opening and closing times of the Park and information about different rides and their prices also. However, the business could possibly suck use of more social networking services to enhance its service level and set out the business better. This would in turn lead to an increase in turnover for the business as the message would reach a larger audience and more state allow visit the Park on a regular basis.A social networking service primarily provides a platform which helps in building social relations and social networks among individuals who are involved in the activities of the business or give real life connections with the business. There are many services that vex under social networking which include platforms like Facebook, twitter, LinkedIn, web logs, smartphone industriousness programs, telecommunicate marketing, online live chat, social media denote and promotions ( Hoult, 2012).Top Shots Fun Park is already making use of promotions to make their business better and to increase their clientele. The website of the company provides information related to free gift vouchers and discount vouchers which can be availed under certain conditions. The prime procedure of using this technique is to attract more customers to visit the Park which would lead to an increase in revenue for the company.The company can also make use of promotion by giving surprise gifts to visitors or giving gift hampers on the purchase of a certain amount of tickets from the Park. Moreover, promotional run fors can be held on different days of the week to attract more people to visit the Park during those days. These promotional campaigns can include various activities that might be of interest to the target market for the company (King, 2013).Social media platforms like twitter, LinkedIn and blogs can also be used for advertising the business and creating awareness about it in the market. The company should have an individual twitter page where all updates should be tweeted in a timely manner. The twitter updates should also inform followers about the latest promotions that are being offered at the Park and must also advertise any new or existing rides or activities (King, 2013).Top Shots Fun Park should also host an individual LinkedIn profile where professionals can directly contact for information and other services. Additionally, the company should start a new blog of their own which would cover the promotional campaigns that are being run in the Park as well as any changes in prices or additions to activities or rides in the Park.One of the best strategies that the company can use to make its services better is development of smartphone applications to supplement the activities and games found in the Park already. For instance, the 18 hole minigolf game that is found in the Park could be transformed into a game that can be downloaded in the form o f an application in a smartphone. Once people start getting addicted to the game in their smartphone, the likelihood of them visiting the Park to play it in real will also increase.Smart phone applications can also be developed for the purpose of catering to users of the application who can keep a track of all the updates regarding the Park. This application could provide notification related to latest promotional campaigns and latest activities that are going on in the Park (Timonthy, 2010).In addition to this, the application should also allow users to make advance bookings using the application by signing into their member account which would be provided within the smart phone application (King, 2013).However, there are also some disadvantages to using smart phone application by the business. Firstly, the development of the application will cost the company a lot and this initial investment on developing the application will require a high budget but the benefits gained from it w ill eventually surmount the cost. Secondly, individuals who do not use smart phones will not have access to the services provided through this new smart phone application.Another meaning(a) way of using social networking services to bring an improvement to the business is through the use of email marketing. The company can make use of email marketing in order to advertise their existing services and making customers aware about the upcoming activities and promotions that the customers can avail.This email marketing would be do by initially using market segmentation. The segment of the market that the company is trying to cater to will be targeted accordingly and email marketing campaign will be designed in order to cater to their tailored needs (Ryan, 2013).The success of any business depends on after sales service. The Top Shots Fun Park should make use of this technique in their business also. There should be online hand held terminals installed at the exit of the premises alon g with a counter where customers would be required to digitally submit their feedback about the Park and the services provided along with any suggestions that they would like to make in order to make the quality of services and products better. The feedback should then be recorded in the online database which would be reviewed and amendments must be made accordingly (Smith, 2013).It is also highly important to have online live chat. This is something that the company website lacks. There should ideally be one section on the main page of the company website which would allow the users to reach live endure with the help of using online live chat. The purpose of having this service for the customers is to provide the customers with convenience for getting information and proceeding with any queries that they might have (Ryan, 2013).Social media advertising campaigns should also be used to increase awareness about the amusement Park and create a strong level of brand loyalty in existin g customers. There are various types of social media advertising which can be used. This includes advertising on Facebook, twitter and various other social media networking platforms to reach the targeted audience in a better manner.Hosting social media events can also help the business grow by keeping the fans of the business engaged in online activities related to the company. The company should keep weekly quizzes on social media and distribute gift hampers to winners of the game or activity that the social media event is all about.To conclude, it can be said that Top Shotss Fun Park is doing quite well and has a large amount of clientele that is attracted to the activities for family entertainment that are provided at the Park. However, there is always room for improvement and the business can make use of various social networking services in order to provide better services and products to the consumers and also improve the working of the business as a whole.ReferencesHoult, K. (2012). Strategic planning and social media marketing. Social Media Conference, WWU.King, C. (2013). 16 social media marketing tips. Retrieved 23rd March, 2014 from http//www.socialmediaexaminer.com/Top Shots Fun Park. (2014). Retrieved 23rd March, 2014 from http//www.TopShotssFunPark.com.au/Ryan, F. (2013). Growing importance of technology and social networking services. New York Times.Smith, T. (2013). 40 ideas for your 2013 social media marketing plan. Exact Target Marketing CloudTimonthy, R. (2010). meeting of smart phones on business. Journal of Marketing

Absolute Essay -- essays research papers

An elephant was brought to a group of blindmen who had never encountered such an animal before. superstar matt-up a leg and reported that an elephant is a great livingpillar. Another felt the trunk and reported that an elephantis a great snake. Another felt a tusk and reported that anelephant is like a sharp ploughshare. And so on. And thenthey every(prenominal) quarreled together, each claiming that his ownaccount was the truth and therefore all the others false(traditional parable). N star of the accounts that the blindmen made about the nature of the elephant are absolutetruths, nor are the accounts false. An absolute truth, or onethat is true for all, bathroom not be achieved because of theconstant motion of circumstances of who said it, to whom,when, where, why, and how it was said. Instead ofabsolute truths, the concepts or beliefs that the blind menclaim are viewpoints that each one clarifies the nature of theelephant. Everybody has learned to see things from his orher own sense of reason and logic. The many things thatpeople experience throughout their lifetimes, help todetermine the judgments toward the different issues andobjects that they encounter. Because individuals has his orher own sense of reason and logic, the perceptions thatpeople encounter are ultimately true, and not false. Lifedoes not contain one truth for any mood or object, but truthscan be found in ones perception. It is difficult to determinethat anything is the absolute truth. One should not provetha...

Comparing Defoes Moll Flanders and Aphra Behns Oroonoko :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

Credibility and Realism in Daniel Defoes Moll Flanders and Aphra Behns Oroonoko In the lexicon of Literary Terms, Harry Shaw states, In effective narrative literature, fictional persons, through characterization, become so credible that they exist for the reader as real people. (1) looking at at Daniel Defoes Moll Flanders (2) and Aphra Behns Oroonoko (3) the reader will cause it difficult to make this definition conform to Moll and Behns narrator. This doesnt mean that Defoes and Behns work is ineffective, but there is therefore a difficulty it is the ingest of truth. Defoe in his preface states, The Author is here supposd to be writing her own History. (Moll Flanders, p. 1) and Behn claims, I was myself an eye-witness to a great part, of what you will find here set down, and what I could not be witness of, I received from the mouth of the chief actor in this history, the hero himself, (...) (Oroonoko, 75) Although both authors claim their stories are true, and thereby that th eir characters are practical(prenominal), there seems to be a gap between the authors claims and the reality of the characterization. This question is closely connected to the fact that both novels fail to the earliest English novels. There was no fixed tradition that the authors worked in instead the novel was in the process of being established. The question arises whether the two workings lack a certain roundness in their narrators. The main characteristic of the new literary form of the novel according to Ian Watt is truth to someone experience (4) and its new shape is created by a focus on the individual character. He is presented in a specific definition of time and space. The plump for section of this paper will show how far this is realized in both of the novels. In the third section I want to analyze the characters individuality in connection with the claim to truth and their complexity in description. 2 Realism Watt argues that the characters in a novel owe their ind ividuality to the realistic presentation. Realism is expressed by a rejection of traditional plots, by particularity, emphasis on the personality of the character, a consciousness of duration of time and space and its view in style. 2.1 Rejection of traditional plots Watt states that, Previous literary forms had reflected the general tendency of their cultures to make conformity to traditional practice the major test of truth .