Voice User Interface (VUI)

Voice User Interface (VUI) ABSTRACT: Voice User Interface (VUI) is the interface which works on the user’s demand in the form of speech. The speech engine recognizes the keyword from many ambiguous words in the surroundings and works on the user demand. The basic VUI is constructed by the XML Language. The keyword has to be recorded in the speech engine at the time of construction. The basic security of the VUI is given by the confidentiality of the keyword for the specific work. The keyword refers to the password which is separate for each work that has to be performed by the system. The new thing according to me is to make the system to understand our commands and work according to it with the same perfection. But the only difference is that we have not to store any keywords in the time of initialization. The voice tester attached to the speech engine gives the security which tests the voice frequency of the user and allows only the authorized user to access the engine. This gave high security and which cannot be broken easily. For that, have to include three different things in the library functions of the XML Language. The three things are: User Language, Translator, Phonetics. The user language is set according to the user and it should be included in the library function. The user has option to give the command in different language and the translator converts it to the machine language. The phonetics is the language of pronunciation. It includes all the pronunciations that have to be pronounced by the user. But the pronunciations by the user should be accurate. The security of this VUI is high and it should be initialized. The user has to give the authorized voice that can only access the system. If the user wants to increase, the security, the voice modulation along with some keyword can also be stored in the system. This increases the security level in the system. The user can specify the no of users through that they can also be access the system with the specific key word. The VUI has finds many applications in voice mailings, Home appliances, entertainment, etc., Kinect is the special device used to sense the voice of the user. The VUI finds its applications in cheaper and perfect manner. By, connecting this VUI to the speech engine to any of the appliances, we can make it as user-friendly. By implementing, this concept in appliances and other systems, we can make our work simple, cheaper and quicker. The system connected with the speech engine is very helpful and is very easy to handle. INTRODUCTION Voice user Interface (VUI) is an interface which works on the demands of the user which are given in the form of speech. VUI concept is firstly introduced to make some devices more secure. The voice can be a high secure element and which cannot be hacked easily by the user. Also, it has main advantage of easy of work and saving the time of working the user has many demands and it can be easily done by the system. Kinect is the speech device which is used to record the speech from the user and it converts it in to the words. This device finds an application in the field of VUI to record the voice and send it to the system. BASIC CONCEPT OF VUI VUI has the basic concept of recording the voice and convert it to the words and works according to it. The following picture refers to the conversion of speech to words. WORKING OF BASIC VUI VUI which is basically word in some user- system interface in which the help of human is not required. For example, it can be used in the field of â€Å"Customer Care†, of the mobile companies. Example Consider a user calling to the customer care regarding the need of information The recorded voice of the system welcomes the user and gives the user, to choice and it explains the meaning of the choice. The user has to process a number according to his need and the system recognizes the number, and connects it to the respective module. User: //Calling for Customer Care// Customer Care:- Welcome Sir, Your choices are Security code, New Schemes, Sim details Balance enquiry User: //pressing no.2// Customer Care: Sir your choice is to know about the new schemes. The call is connected to our secretary. //Now, the call is connected to the secretary// In this example the user has to specify a number and it is now processed and it gives details about it. Otherwise, if the demand is not solved by the system then it connects to the call to the Human who can clear all doubts of the user. Draw backs:- Pressing the number, is works of time Suppose, our demand is in the choice 10 we have to wait until the 10th choice appearance, It is waste of time. IMPROVEMENT OF VUI The VUI finds its improvement in the field of its applications. The applications have also improved along with the improvement of VUI. There are three basic applications in this stage of VUI, they are Customer Care, Home appliance, Mobile applications. Customer Care:- The improvement in this stage of VUI is in the saving of time the user has to specify his choice according to his demand instead of pressing the number. Ex: User: //calling for customer care// Customer Care : Welcome Sir, your choices are 1. Security code 2. New schemes 3. Sim details 4. Balance enquiry User: 2 //It is specified by speech// Customer Care: Ok Sir, Now your call is connected to our chief. In this example, the user has to specify his choice through voice not by pressing the number. Draw backs:- Here also, the user has to wait by hearing all the choices until his choice appearance. It also wastes the time. ii) HOME APPLIANCES: The VUI has found its application in the field of Home appliances. Here, the appliances work according to the user demand through voice. The vice keyword is to be different for different devices the keyword is to be specified at the time of initialization. Ex: If the user have to be on the Fan and off the fan. The keyword for this process is to be specified. ON – F1 OFF- F2 Now, the user have to say â€Å"F1† if he wants to ON the fan, and he have to say â€Å"F2† if he wants to OFF the fan. Like that, he has to more the keyword for each appliance at the time of initialization. Drawback: The different key word for devices is difficult to have in the memory. The security of keyword is only according to our confidential level. iii) Mobile applications:- The VUI is used in come mobile applications. There is a mobile app which can react to our questions and it can be a companion to us. Ex:- User: Hay App: Hay User:what is your name? App:My name is X User:Do you like me? App:Yes, I like you. In this, example, the mobile interact with the user according to his question. Draw backs: The answer, given by the mobile is only stored in the form of templates. The reaction is similar for maximum number of questions by the user. NEW CONCEPT ABOUT VUI: My new idea about VUI is to make the system to understand the user’s demand and work according to it with the same perfection. For that, the Library functions of XML language has to be included with some extra functions. There are three main functions to be included in the Module: They are: User Language, Translator, Phonetics i) USER LANGUAGE: The user can demand in any type of language which he can able to speak. But only thing is that it is to be included in the Library functions. The user language should be a specific one. If we want to change the user language we have to say the keyword for changing to that language. The keyword has to be specified at the time of initialization of the speech system. ii) TRANSLATOR: Translator can also be called as Convertor. Convertor has main work of converting the speech words into the words which can be understand by the system. The speech engine records the speech in the form of speaking words and sent it to the computer in the form of words which can be understand by the computer. This convertor is also included in the library functions of the XML. It does not require any keyword and it can be automatically executed. iii) PHONETICS: Phonetics is the representations of speaking words in the form of some special symbols which can also be included in the library functions. It is very important in this case because this is to specify the pronunciation of words and it meaning. The meaning of the word differs according to the pronunciation. Ex: â€Å"read† Is it present tense or past tense? It is only depends upon the pronunciation of the word by the user. The speech engine has to record the voice and it should by checked by the pronunciation and it is executed according to the meaning. For placing a demand to the system, the user has to specify the correct pronouncing. Otherwise, the system responds to the meaning of the pronunciation. Some of the applications to be implemented with VUI are: 1. CUSTOMER CARE: In this concept, it is very easy to select our choice in the customer care. The user has not to wait for the desired choice number. The user has to specify his need and system responds according to the demand. Calling Calling Ex:User: //calling customer care// Customer Care: Welcome Sir, What do you like to know sir? User: About balance amount. Customer Care: wait sir, we will send you the information of your balance via SMS, sir. Here, there is no job of waiting for the chief to solve the problem. Advantage: i) The user has not to wait for the choice to be heard. There is no waste to time. 2. Home appliances: The VUI has found its applications in Home appliances also. The keyword not necessary in the case of this concept. The system can understand our demand and respond to it accordingly. The statement given by the user may be different but the pronunciation and the competency must be accurate.Ex: If the user wants to ON the fan, there are many possibilities. Switch on the fan (Or) ON the fan, (or) Turn on the fan All the statements are accessed by the systems but the pronunciation matters. MOBILE APPLICATIONS: The mobile app that respond to ourselves according to our questions and it cannot be a template function, if, we use this concept in VUI. The answers given by the mobile app is reasonable and it is a great companion to us. VEHICLES: For example, a car can be started by a keyword stored by ourselves. The car can be started only if the voice is identified correctly and high security matters. The tape (or) FM in the car can be switch on by VUI and the channel of FM can be changed without any physical contact or eye contact and it does not destructs driving. SECURITY: The security of this VUI is only depends upon the voice modulation. The frequency of the voice of the user decides the ON/OFF of the device. The frequency of the voice of user is stored in the system at the time of initialization. The system is accessed by only the authorized user. For increasing the security. We can also include the passwords, and some special sounds that are only peculiar to ourselves can also be included. The breaking of all these security is maximum impossible. Thus the system is prevented from Hacking. CONCLUSION:- By implementing this concept in the real-life applications, we can do our jobs faster, effective and secure. By connecting this with the computer, we can make our computer as user-friendly. By this, we can improve the security of the accessing of device and it enables the user to become smarter to do all the work in short span of time.

Positive and Negative of Transformational Leadership Essay

As portrayed in the previous examples, leaders are essential to the progression and development of successful organizations. Much contribution could be given to those who follow transformational leadership qualities and principles. Transformational leads inspire and result in positive progressive change within and throughout the company. Of course, there are positive and negative aspects that follow. Recent researchers have spent efforts to understand the relationship of leader and follower. However, even when weighing-the- cost companies can not complain that their overall competitive and relational advantages prospered as result of tranformational overheads. When leaders successfully identify everyone personally and socailly, companies experience retention and growth which can sometimes be seen as priceless. There are negative concepts to consider, like a leader must be able to adequately protray a sense of charisma, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and indidulatized conseidetaionl; while leading a team that produces numbers. That could be a lot of pressure, which in turn could lead to a destroyed department or company. Overall, transnational leadership-performance relationship has deemed a positive technique when integrated in most systems. This week, we continued our research and discussion on leaders and their roles within the organization. It is impartive that we understand and respect the differences between leaders and managers. I mentioned last week, that until this class I used those terms interchangably. However, the fact is that there are many differences and qualities that distinish the two. For instance, even when you look at the literal meaning of the terms. Manage – a person can maintain something or someone without playing a virtial role in specifically directing. On the same hand, Leader – someone can give perfect instruction and direct for a group or thing without being able to properly maintain or manage it the way needed. I can admit, before now I did not take the time to understand the important differences. Qualities also vary from leader to manager as well. It is typical for most leaders to value and focus on monetary and economical status and have a plan of long term goals and effects. Most managers are stuck on the short term  goals, while not considering the effects the company will experience. As I look more into these managerial roles and qualities it becomes easier to notice and identify.

Canned Tuna

As a result of numerous consumer complaints of dizziness and nausea, Promofoods requested that eight million cans of tuna be returned for testing last year. Promofoods concluded that the cans did not, after all, contain chemicals that posed a health risk. This conclusion is based on the fact that the chemists from Promofoods tested samples of the recalled cans and found that, of the eight chemicals most commonly blamed for causing symptoms of dizziness and nausea, five were not found in any of the tested cans. The chemists did find that the three remaining suspected chemicals are naturally found in all other kinds of canned foods. The argument is based on consumer complaints of nausea and dizziness after consumption of canned tuna. But chemists have tested some samples of canned tuna and have reported that they are free from any chemical which can pose a health risk. In response to the complain of the customers, some eight million cans of tuna has been sent and tested by the chemists of Promofoods. The chemists reported that the canned tuna are free from the five out of the eight chemicals which can cause symptoms of dizziness and nausea. And the other three cannot be blamed because they are naturally found in all types of canned food. But the results of the test do not provide strong evidence to proof that the canned tuna is free from chemicals which can pose health risk. The chemists have reported that the three chemicals found in canned tuna are found in other canned food also. So, they are harmless. But we should remember that chemicals in contact with different substances behave differently. So, the three chemicals might become harmful when they come in contact with tuna. So, the chemists must have tested how these chemicals behave when they are present in canned tuna. Again, a substance might be harmless when it is present in small amount. But the same substance might be harmful when it is present in large amount. So, while testing the chemists should have determined the percentage of these chemicals in canned tuna. The test reports are being based on the tests done on the eight million samples but not on those which actually caused the customers to complain. The consumed cans should have been brought and tested in order to proof with stronger evidence the safety in consumption of canned tuna. Again, the chemists have concentrated only on the eight chemicals which can cause dizziness and nausea. But there are chemicals too which can cause these effects in the consumers. Therefore, the chemists should not totally ignore the presence of other chemicals. In short, we see that the tests conducted by Promofoods have failed to provide sufficiently strong evidence that can proof that the canned tuna was not responsible for causing dizziness and nausea among the consumers. It should have performed more detailed analysis of the consumed cans and reported the results with stronger evidence and precision.

What I Choose Apu As A Nurse For More Than 10 Years With A...

Nursing is an art and science, defined by its body of knowledge, scholarship, and practice. I’ve been a nurse for more than 15 years with a clinical and academic experience. I choose APU as my place of work for its clear declaration of God First in all that is being done. Since I started at APU in 2013 until now, I’ve designed my courses to include the-state-of-the-art knowledge, ethics, and practice in nursing. In all of my classes, I start the lecture with a devotion of the day from various books, such as the book â€Å"Jesus calling†. The words of this book speak to each and every student. I feel it gives encouragement on daily basis. I also show a lot of videos that are inspirational, and could have a message related to the topic we’re discussing in class that day. We usually take some time for prayers and reflection on the week since I last saw them. Beside all that, I do have specific individual assignments for every course. For one of my courses, students work in groups of four. Each group selects a clinical phenomenon of interest. They’ll be conducting literature review to get familiar with what is known and what’s missing about this phenomenon. Also students search the literature for suitable nursing theoret ical frameworks to guide their research project. By researching various theories of interest, students have to identify the four concepts of the nursing meta-paradigm: human, environment, health and nursing. Knowledge shaped about these concepts is revealed through